4.5 Подготовка к собеседованиям #

interview_process:
  stage_1_screening:
    duration: "30-45 минут"
    format: "Телефонный/видео звонок с HR или техлидом"
    focus: ["Базовые технические знания", "Культурное соответствие", "Мотивация"]
    
  stage_2_technical:
    duration: "60-90 минут"  
    format: "Техническое интервью с инженерами"
    focus: ["Глубокие технические знания", "Problem solving", "Architecture design"]
    
  stage_3_practical:
    duration: "2-4 часа"
    format: "Take-home задание или live coding"
    focus: ["Практические навыки", "Code quality", "Documentation"]
    
  stage_4_final:
    duration: "45-60 минут"
    format: "Встреча с менеджером/директором"
    focus: ["Leadership potential", "Strategic thinking", "Team fit"]

common_variations:
  - "System design session (60-90 min)"
  - "Pair programming/troubleshooting (45-60 min)"  
  - "Presentation о предыдущем проекте (30-45 min)"
  - "Cultural fit интервью (30-45 min)"

# Linux Administration
"Explain the difference between soft and hard links"
"How would you troubleshoot high CPU usage on a Linux server?"
"What's the difference between chmod 755 and chmod 644?"

# Networking
"Explain how DNS resolution works"
"What happens when you type 'google.com' in browser?"
"Difference between TCP and UDP protocols"

# Security
"How do you secure SSH access to servers?"
"Explain the principle of least privilege"
"What is SSL/TLS handshake process?"

# Подготовка: 
echo "Создайте cheat sheet с командами Linux"
echo "Нарисуйте диаграмму сетевых протоколов"
echo "Настройте безопасный SSH доступ"

# Docker Questions
basic:
  - "Difference between Docker image and container?"
  - "How to optimize Docker image size?"
  - "Explain Docker networking modes"

intermediate:
  - "How to handle secrets in Docker containers?"
  - "Multi-stage builds vs single-stage builds"
  - "Docker volumes vs bind mounts vs tmpfs"

advanced:
  - "Design Docker strategy for microservices"
  - "Container security best practices"
  - "Docker in production considerations"

# Kubernetes Questions  
basic:
  - "What is a Pod in Kubernetes?"
  - "Difference between Service types (ClusterIP, NodePort, LoadBalancer)"
  - "How does Kubernetes scheduling work?"

intermediate:
  - "Explain Kubernetes networking model"
  - "ConfigMaps vs Secrets usage"
  - "How to troubleshoot pod startup issues?"

advanced:
  - "Design highly available Kubernetes cluster"
  - "Kubernetes security hardening"
  - "Custom Resource Definitions (CRDs)"

# CI/CD Questions
basic:
  - "Explain CI/CD pipeline stages"
  - "Git workflow strategies (GitFlow vs GitHub Flow)"
  - "Blue-green vs canary deployments"

intermediate:
  - "How to handle database migrations in CI/CD?"
  - "Testing strategies in DevOps pipeline"
  - "Rollback strategies and implementation"

advanced:
  - "Design CI/CD for microservices architecture"
  - "Security integration in DevOps pipeline"
  - "Multi-cloud deployment strategies"

# Типичные troubleshooting вопросы

class TroubleshootingScenarios:
    def scenario_1_application_slowdown(self):
        """
        Question: "Application suddenly became slow. Walk me through your investigation process."
        
        Expected approach:
        1. Gather information (when, what changed, error patterns)
        2. Check system resources (CPU, memory, disk, network)
        3. Analyze application logs
        4. Check database performance
        5. Review recent deployments
        6. Network connectivity issues
        7. External dependencies
        """
        investigation_steps = [
            "Check system metrics (htop, iostat, netstat)",
            "Review application logs for errors", 
            "Analyze database slow query logs",
            "Check recent deployments in timeline",
            "Test external API dependencies",
            "Review monitoring dashboards",
            "Compare with baseline performance"
        ]
        return investigation_steps
    
    def scenario_2_kubernetes_pod_crash(self):
        """
        Question: "Pod keeps crashing in Kubernetes. How do you debug this?"
        """
        debugging_approach = {
            "immediate_checks": [
                "kubectl describe pod <pod-name>",
                "kubectl logs <pod-name> --previous", 
                "kubectl get events --sort-by=.metadata.creationTimestamp"
            ],
            "resource_analysis": [
                "Check resource limits and requests",
                "Verify node capacity",
                "Review resource quotas"
            ],
            "configuration_review": [
                "Validate environment variables",
                "Check ConfigMaps and Secrets",
                "Review health check probes"
            ],
            "deeper_investigation": [
                "kubectl exec into running container",
                "Review application startup logs",
                "Check dependencies availability"
            ]
        }
        return debugging_approach
    
    def scenario_3_ci_cd_pipeline_failure(self):
        """
        Question: "CI/CD pipeline started failing after working fine for months. How do you approach this?"
        """
        return {
            "timeline_analysis": "What changed recently?",
            "component_isolation": "Which stage is failing?",
            "dependency_check": "Are external services available?",
            "resource_verification": "Are runners/agents healthy?",
            "credential_validation": "Are secrets/tokens expired?",
            "rollback_strategy": "How to restore service quickly?"
        }

# Практическая подготовка:
preparation_exercises = {
    "lab_1": "Создайте сценарий высокой нагрузки и отработайте диагностику",
    "lab_2": "Намеренно сломайте Kubernetes deployment и исправьте",
    "lab_3": "Симулируйте отказ CI/CD pipeline и восстановите",
    "lab_4": "Практикуйте объяснение технических решений простыми словами"
}

# Question: "Design a DevOps platform for a company with 100 developers"

## Requirements Clarification (5 minutes)
**Interviewer expectation:** Ask clarifying questions

Good questions to ask:
- "What's the current development workflow?"
- "What types of applications are being developed?"
- "What are the compliance/security requirements?"
- "What's the budget/timeline constraints?"
- "Current pain points with existing process?"

## High-Level Architecture (10 minutes)

# Подготовьте истории для каждой категории

behavioral_categories = {
    "leadership_influence": [
        "Tell me about a time you led a technical initiative",
        "Describe a situation where you influenced without authority",
        "How do you handle disagreements with team members?"
    ],
    
    "problem_solving": [
        "Tell me about the most challenging technical problem you solved",
        "Describe a time when you had to learn something completely new quickly",
        "How do you approach troubleshooting complex issues?"
    ],
    
    "collaboration": [
        "Tell me about a time you worked with a difficult stakeholder",
        "How do you handle pushback on your technical recommendations?",
        "Describe your experience working with cross-functional teams"
    ],
    
    "failure_learning": [
        "Tell me about a project that didn't go as planned",
        "Describe a mistake you made and how you handled it",
        "What's the biggest technical decision you regret?"
    ],
    
    "innovation_improvement": [
        "Tell me about a process you improved",
        "How do you stay current with new technologies?",
        "Describe a time you introduced a new tool or practice"
    ]
}

# Подготовка историй:
story_bank = {
    "automation_success": {
        "situation": "Manual deployment process taking 4 hours",
        "task": "Automate and make reliable", 
        "action": "Built CI/CD pipeline with testing",
        "result": "Reduced time to 15 min, 60% fewer bugs"
    },
    
    "incident_response": {
        "situation": "Production outage during peak traffic",
        "task": "Restore service and prevent recurrence",
        "action": "Led incident response, implemented monitoring",
        "result": "Restored in 30 min, built alerting system"
    },
    
    "team_conflict": {
        "situation": "Dev team resisting DevOps practices",
        "task": "Get buy-in for new processes",
        "action": "Education, gradual adoption, showed benefits",
        "result": "100% team adoption, improved collaboration"
    }
}

# Исследование рынка зарплат DevOps (2024, Россия)

salary_ranges:
  junior_devops:
    experience: "0-2 года"
    moscow: "120-200k руб/месяц"
    spb: "100-180k руб/месяц" 
    regions: "80-150k руб/месяц"
    remote: "100-180k руб/месяц"
    
  middle_devops:
    experience: "2-5 лет"
    moscow: "200-350k руб/месяц"
    spb: "180-300k руб/месяц"
    regions: "150-250k руб/месяц"
    remote: "180-320k руб/месяц"
    
  senior_devops:
    experience: "5+ лет"
    moscow: "350-600k+ руб/месяц"
    spb: "300-500k+ руб/месяц"
    regions: "250-400k руб/месяц"
    remote: "300-550k+ руб/месяц"

# Факторы влияющие на зарплату:
salary_factors:
  technology_stack:
    - "Kubernetes: +15-25%"
    - "AWS/Cloud expertise: +20-30%"
    - "Security focus: +10-20%" 
    - "Terraform/IaC: +10-15%"
    
  company_type:
    - "Product companies: обычно выше"
    - "Enterprise: стабильнее, но меньше рост"
    - "Startups: equity компенсация"
    - "Consulting: проектные премии"
    
  additional_compensation:
    - "Stock options/RSU"
    - "Медицинская страховка"
    - "Обучение и сертификации"
    - "Flexible working hours"
    - "Equipment allowance"

class SalaryNegotiation:
    def __init__(self):
        self.preparation_steps = [
            "Research market rates for your level",
            "Document your achievements and impact",
            "Prepare multiple offer scenarios",
            "Know your minimum acceptable offer",
            "Practice negotiation conversations"
        ]
    
    def negotiation_framework(self):
        return {
            "anchor_high": "Start with higher number based on research",
            "justify_value": "Connect salary to business impact you bring",
            "consider_total_package": "Salary + benefits + growth opportunities",
            "be_prepared_to_walk": "Have alternatives (BATNA)",
            "negotiate_multiple_items": "If salary is fixed, negotiate other benefits"
        }
    
    def value_proposition_examples(self):
        """Как обосновать запрашиваемую зарплату"""
        return {
            "cost_savings": "My automation reduced infrastructure costs by $50K annually",
            "efficiency_gains": "Improved deployment frequency from weekly to daily",
            "risk_reduction": "Implemented security practices reducing vulnerabilities by 80%",
            "team_productivity": "Enabled team to scale from 5 to 15 developers without ops overhead",
            "expertise_rarity": "Certified in AWS and Kubernetes, specialization in FinTech compliance"
        }
    
    def negotiation_scripts(self):
        """Примеры фраз для переговоров"""
        return {
            "salary_discussion": """
            "Based on my research of the market and the value I bring—specifically 
            my experience with [specific technologies] and track record of 
            [specific achievements]—I was expecting a salary in the range of 
            [X to Y]. How does that align with your budget for this role?"
            """,
            
            "benefit_negotiation": """
            "I understand the salary range is fixed. Could we discuss other 
            aspects of the compensation package? I'm particularly interested 
            in professional development budget, flexible working arrangements, 
            or additional PTO."
            """,
            
            "multiple_offers": """
            "I'm very excited about this opportunity and would love to work here. 
            I do have another offer that's competitive. Is there any flexibility 
            in the package that would help me make this decision?"
            """
        }

# Подготовка к переговорам:
negotiation_prep = {
    "know_your_worth": "Список достижений с quantified impact",
    "market_research": "3+ источника данных о зарплатах",
    "practice_scenarios": "Role-play с друзьями/менторами",
    "alternative_options": "Другие предложения или возможности",
    "total_compensation": "Понимание всех компонентов пакета"
}

# Исследование компании перед интервью

## Company Background
- **Industry:** Какую проблему решает компания?
- **Stage:** Startup, scale-up, enterprise?
- **Size:** Количество сотрудников, команда DevOps
- **Funding:** Последние раунды, финансовое состояние
- **Culture:** Ценности, way of working

## Technical Stack Research
- **Infrastructure:** Cloud providers, on-premises
- **Container Orchestration:** Kubernetes, Docker Swarm, ECS
- **CI/CD Tools:** Jenkins, GitHub Actions, GitLab CI
- **Monitoring:** Prometheus, DataDog, New Relic
- **Languages:** Go, Python, Java преобладают

## Engineering Blog Analysis
Читайте технические блоги компании для понимания:
- Текущие технические вызовы
- Архитектурные решения
- Engineering culture
- Open source contributions

## Glassdoor/LinkedIn Research
- Interview experiences от других кандидатов
- Employee reviews и culture insights
- Common interview questions
- Salary ranges и benefits

## Preparation Questions
Подготовьте вопросы, которые покажут ваш интерес:

### Technical Questions:
- "What are the biggest infrastructure challenges you're facing?"
- "How do you handle incident response and post-mortems?"
- "What's your approach to testing in production?"
- "How do you balance speed of delivery with stability?"

### Culture Questions:
- "How does the DevOps team collaborate with development teams?"
- "What does a typical day look like for someone in this role?"
- "How do you handle on-call responsibilities?"
- "What opportunities are there for learning and growth?"

### Strategic Questions:
- "Where do you see the DevOps practice evolving in the next year?"
- "What would success look like for someone in this role?"
- "What are the company's technology priorities?"

# Примеры подготовки для разных типов компаний

fintech_company:
  focus_areas:
    - Regulatory compliance (PCI DSS, SOX)
    - Security and audit requirements
    - High availability and disaster recovery
    - Performance under load
  likely_questions:
    - "How do you ensure compliance in CI/CD pipeline?"
    - "Experience with financial services regulations?"
    - "Approach to zero-downtime deployments?"
    
ecommerce_company:
  focus_areas:
    - Scalability for traffic spikes
    - Performance optimization
    - Global infrastructure
    - Cost optimization
  likely_questions:
    - "How do you handle Black Friday traffic?"
    - "Experience with CDN and caching strategies?"
    - "Multi-region deployment experience?"
    
startup_company:
  focus_areas:
    - Rapid iteration and deployment
    - Cost-conscious infrastructure
    - Wearing multiple hats
    - Building from scratch
  likely_questions:
    - "How do you balance speed vs stability?"
    - "Experience building DevOps from ground up?"
    - "Cost optimization strategies for startups?"
    
enterprise_company:
  focus_areas:
    - Legacy system integration
    - Change management processes
    - Security and governance
    - Scale and standardization
  likely_questions:
    - "Experience with legacy system modernization?"
    - "How do you implement changes in large organizations?"
    - "Enterprise security compliance experience?"

#!/bin/bash
# Pre-interview checklist

# Technical Preparation
echo "✅ Review your projects and be ready to explain technical decisions"
echo "✅ Practice explaining complex concepts in simple terms"  
echo "✅ Prepare specific examples for behavioral questions"
echo "✅ Review company's technology stack and recent news"

# Practical Preparation  
echo "✅ Test video call setup (camera, microphone, internet)"
echo "✅ Prepare questions to ask the interviewer"
echo "✅ Print/save company research and your resume"
echo "✅ Plan your route/setup for the interview location"

# Mental Preparation
echo "✅ Get good night's sleep"
echo "✅ Prepare confident but humble mindset"
echo "✅ Remember: interview is mutual evaluation"
echo "✅ Be ready to be enthusiastic about the opportunity"

class InterviewBestPractices:
    def communication_tips(self):
        return {
            "listen_actively": "Make sure you understand the question before answering",
            "think_out_loud": "Explain your thought process, don't just give final answer",
            "ask_clarifying_questions": "Better to ask than to answer wrong question",
            "be_specific": "Use concrete examples, not general statements",
            "admit_unknowns": "It's okay to say 'I don't know, but here's how I'd find out'"
        }
    
    def technical_discussion_tips(self):
        return {
            "start_simple": "Begin with basic explanation, then add complexity",
            "use_diagrams": "Draw architecture diagrams when explaining systems",
            "discuss_tradeoffs": "Every technical decision has pros and cons",
            "mention_alternatives": "Show you considered other options",
            "focus_on_why": "Explain reasoning behind technical choices"
        }
    
    def common_mistakes_to_avoid(self):
        return [
            "Bad-mouthing previous employers or colleagues",
            "Being overconfident about technologies you barely know", 
            "Not asking any questions about the role or company",
            "Focusing only on technical aspects, ignoring business context",
            "Not having concrete examples to back up claims",
            "Appearing desperate or too eager to accept any offer"
        ]

# Пример хорошего ответа на техвопрос:
def explain_kubernetes_networking():
    return """
    Kubernetes networking follows a few key principles:
    
    1. Every pod gets its own IP address - this simplifies communication
    2. Pods can communicate with each other without NAT
    3. Services provide stable endpoints for dynamic pod sets
    
    Let me draw this out... [draws diagram]
    
    The CNI plugin handles the actual networking implementation. 
    We use Calico in our setup because it provides both networking 
    and network policies for security.
    
    One challenge we faced was... [specific example]
    And we solved it by... [solution]
    
    Would you like me to go deeper into any particular aspect?
    """

# Что делать после интервью

## Immediate Actions (Same Day)
- [ ] Send thank-you email within 24 hours
- [ ] Connect with interviewers on LinkedIn
- [ ] Document your impressions while fresh
- [ ] Note any follow-up promises you made

## Follow-up Strategy
### Thank You Email Template:
Subject: Thank you for the DevOps Engineer interview

Hi [Interviewer Name],

Thank you for taking the time to speak with me today about the DevOps Engineer position. I enjoyed our discussion about [specific topic discussed], and I'm excited about the opportunity to contribute to [specific company initiative mentioned].

Our conversation reinforced my interest in the role, particularly [mention something specific that excited you]. I believe my experience with [relevant experience] would help me add value to your team quickly.

As promised, I'm attaching [any materials you promised to send]. Please let me know if you need any additional information from me.

I look forward to hearing about next steps.

Best regards,
[Your Name]

## Evaluation Process
While waiting for response:
- [ ] Continue other interview processes
- [ ] Reflect on interview performance
- [ ] Identify areas for improvement
- [ ] Research role and company further
- [ ] Don't put life on hold for one opportunity

## Decision Framework
When you receive an offer:
- [ ] Evaluate total compensation package
- [ ] Consider growth and learning opportunities  
- [ ] Assess team and culture fit
- [ ] Review work-life balance expectations
- [ ] Negotiate if appropriate
- [ ] Make decision based on career goals